Minds, Brains, and the Law

The Deciding Brain

Charlie Rose recently hosted a series of discussions about recent advances in the sciences of the mind. One of these shows featured LANP's own Joshua Greene.  The episide is entitled, "The Deciding Brain." 

Inside the Mind of a Psychopath

Kent Kiehl and Joshua Buckholtz have a new piece in Scientific American entitled, "Inside the Mind of a Psychopath."

Psychopathy and Impaired Reasoning

The Huffington Post just ran a piece about psychopathy entitled "The Sick Logic of a Psychopath" that highlights the recent work by (and includes an interview with) our very own Kent Kiehl.  As always, happy reading!

NPR Three-peat on Neuroscience and Responsibility

Barbara Hagerty recently ran three pieces for NPR on the relationship between recent advances in science--especially MAOA research and work on psychopathy--and responsibility:

1. "A Neuroscientist Uncovers a Dark Secret"
2. "Inside a Psychopath's Brain"
3. "Can Your Genes Make You Murder?"

As always, happy reading!

Kiehl, Morse, and Others on Psychopathy and the Law

Radio Health Journal has a series of interesting interviews with Kent Kiehl, Stephen Morse, and others concerning psychopathy, neuroscience, and the law.  Go here to listen to the recording (beginning at the 2 minute mark).

Neurolaw in the News

Neuroscience has taken center stage in two recent criminal court cases--one in Italy, the other in Chicago, IL.  In the former case, a convicted murderer got a reduced sentence based on evidence concerning his low activity MAOA (see here for a brief discussion about MAOA).  The case was discussed recently in Nature News.  Here is an excerpt:

An Italian court has cut the sentence given to a convicted murderer by a year because he has genes linked to violent behaviour — the first time that behavioural genetics has affected a sentence passed by a European court. But researchers contacted by Nature have questioned whether the decision was based on sound science.

Abdelmalek Bayout, an Algerian citizen who has lived in Italy since 1993, admitted in 2007 to stabbing and killing Walter Felipe Novoa Perez on 10 March. Perez, a Colombian living in Italy, had, according to Bayout's testimony, insulted him over the kohl eye make-up the Algerian was wearing. Bayout, a Muslim, claims he wore the make-up for religious reasons.

During the trial, Bayout's lawyer, Tania Cattarossi, asked the court to take into account that her client may have been mentally ill at the time of the murder. After considering three psychiatric reports, the judge, Paolo Alessio Vernì, partially agreed that Bayout's psychiatric illness was a mitigating factor and sentenced him to 9 years and 2 months in prison — around three years less than Bayout would have received had he been deemed to be of sound mind.

But at an appeal hearing in May this year, Pier Valerio Reinotti, a judge of the Court of Appeal in Trieste, asked forensic scientists for a new independent psychiatric report to decide whether he should commute the sentence further.

Brains Gone Awry

Here are three recent stories from Science Daily that readers should check out:

1. Scientists identify some of the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder.
2. Brain mapping appears to provide scientists with advanced warnings concerning mental illness.
3. Researchers are using brain imaging to better understand the biology of psychopathy.

While you're at it, here are two more worth reading:

1. Over at BRAINETHICS, there is a write up of the latest response to the now infamous "voodoo correlations" criticism of fMRI research that was recently put forward by Vu et al.
2. Over at Neurophilosophy, there is a short write up about the daguerreotype of Phineas Gage that was recently discovered.

Neurolaw and Psychopathy

One fascinating issue that we are exploring as part of the LANP is the neural underpinnings of psychopathy.  Led by Kent Kiehl--who did his PhD at UBC with Robert Hare of PCL-R fame--this research has the potential to not only further our understanding of the psychopathic mind, but also to change our perception of their moral and legal culpability.  With the assistance of a mobile fMRI, Kiehl and his associates have already scanned more than 700+ incarcerated psychopaths.   Given both how disproportionally violent psychopaths are and how little we can currently do for them in terms of treatment, this research could have several policy implications.  As such, this is an issue that will recur on this blog in the months and years to come.  For now, I thought it might be helpful to provide readers with some links to interesting articles, books, and videos about psychopathy:

1. Robert Hare, Without Conscience:  The Disturbing World of the Psycopaths Among Us.
2. Robert Hare, Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work.
3. Hervey Cleckley's ground-breaking The Mask of Sanity (out of print).
4. Special Volume of Neuroethics dedicated to psychopathy.
   
5. The New Yorker article on Kiehl's research entitled "Suffering Souls."
6. Video on psychopathy and brain imaging--although it is admittedly outdated.
7. Articles on forensic psychologist Park Dietz can be found here and here.
8. Scientific American Mind article entitled, "What 'Psychopath' Means."